Michael Obi's hopes were fulfilled much earlier than he had expected. He was
appointed headmaster of Ndume Central School
in January 1949. It had always
been an unprogressive school, so
the Mission authorities decided to send a
young and energetic man to run it. Obi accepted this responsibility with enthu
siasm. He had many wonderful ideas and this was an opportunity to put them
into practice. He had had sound secondary school education which designated
him a "pivotal teacher" in the official records and set him apart from the other
headmasters in the mission field. He was outspoken in his condemnation of the
narrow views of these older and often lesseducated ones.
"We shall make a good job of it, shan't we?" he asked his young wife when
they first heard the joyful news of his promotion.
"We shall do our best," she replied. "We shall have such beautiful gardens
and everything will be just modern and
delightful . . . " In their two years
of
married life she had become completely infected by his passion for "modern
methods" and his denigration of "these old and superannuated people in the
teaching field who would be better employed as traders in the Onitsha mar
ket." She began to see herself already as the admired wife of the young head
master, the queen of the school.
The wives of the other teachers would envy her position. She would set
the fashion in everything . . . Then, suddenly, it occurred to her that there
might not be other wives. Wavering between hope and fear, she asked her
husband, looking anxiously at him.
"All our colleagues are young and unmarried," he said with enthusiasm
which for once she did not share. "Which is a good thing," he continued.
"Why?"
"Why? They will give all their time and energy
to the school."
Nancy was downcast. For a few minutes she became skeptical about the
new school; but it was only for a few minutes. Her little personal misfortune
could not blind her to her husband's happy prospects. She looked at him as he
sat folded up in a chair. He was stoopshouldered and looked frail. But he
sometimes surprised people with sudden bursts of physical energy. In his pre
sent posture, however, all his bodily strength seemed to have retired behind
his deepset eyes,
giving them an extraordinary power of penetration. He was
only twentysix, but looked thirty or more. On the whole, he was not unhand
some.
"A penny for your thoughts, Mike," said Nancy after a while, imitating
the woman's magazine she read.
"I was thinking what a grand opportunity we've got at last to show these
people how a school should be run."
Ndume School was backward in every sense of the word. Mr. Obi put his
whole life into the work, and his wife hers too. He had two aims. A high stan
dard of teaching was insisted upon, and the school compound was to be
turned into a place of beauty. Nancy's dreamgardens came to life with the
coming of the rains, and blossomed. Beautiful hibiscus and allamanda hedges
in brilliant red and yellow marked out the carefully tended school compound
from the rank neighborhood bushes.
One evening as Obi was admiring his work he was scandalized to see an
old woman from the village hobble right across the
compound, through a
marigold flowerbed and the hedges. On going up there he found faint signs
of an almost disused path from the village across the school compound to the
bush on the other side.
"It amazes me," said Obi to one of his teachers who had been three years
in the school, "that you people allowed the villagers to make use of this foot
path. It is simply incredible." He shook his head.
"The path," said the teacher apologetically, "appears to be very impor
tant to them. Although it is hardly used, it connects the village shrine with
their place of burial."
"And what has that got to do with
the school?" asked the headmaster.
"Well, I don't know," replied the other with a shrug of the shoulders.
"But I remember there was a big row some time ago when we attempted to
close it."
"That was some time ago. But it will not be used now," said Obi as he
walked away. "What will the Government Education Officer think of this
when he comes to inspect the school next week? The villagers might, for all I
know, decide to use the schoolroom for a pagan ritual during the inspection."
Heavy sticks were planted closely across the path at the two places where
it entered and left the school premises. These were further strengthened with
barbed wire.12
Three days later the village priest of
Ani called on the headmaster. He was
an old man and walked with a slight stoop. He carried a stout walkingstick
which he usually tapped on the floor, by way of emphasis, each time he made
a new point in his argument.
"I have heard," he said after the usual exchange of cordialities, "that our
ancestral footpath has recently been closed . . .
" "Yes," replied Mr. Obi. "We cannot allow people to make a highway of
our school compound."
"Look here, my son," said the priest bringing down his walkingstick,
"this path was here before you were born and before your father was born. The
whole life of this village depends on it. Our dead relatives depart by it and our
ancestors visit us by it. But most important, it is the path of children coming
in to be born . . . "
Mr. Obi listened with a satisfied smile
on his face.
"The whole purpose of our school," he said finally, "is to eradicate just
such beliefs as that. Dead men do not require footpaths. The whole idea is
just fantastic. Our duty is to teach your children to laugh at such ideas."
"What you say may
be true," replied the priest, "but we follow the prac
tices of our fathers. If you reopen the path we shall have nothing to quarrel
about. What I always say is: let the hawk perch and let the eagle perch." He
rose to go.
"I am sorry," said the young headmaster. "But the school compound can
not be a thoroughfare. It is against our regulations. I would suggest your con
structing another path, skirting our premises. We can even get our boys to
help in building it. I don't suppose the ancestors will find the little detour too
burdensome." "I have no more words Co say," said the old priest, already outside.
Two days later a young woman in the village died in childbed. A diviner
was immediately consulted and he prescribed heavy sacrifices to propitiate an
cestors insulted by the fence.
Obi woke up next morning among the ruins of his work. The beautiful
hedges were torn up not just near the path but right round the school, the
flowers trampled to death and one of the school buildings pulled down . . .
That day, the
white Supervisor came to inspect the school and wrote a nasty
report on the state of the premises but more seriously about the "tribalwar sit
uation developing between the school and the village, arising in part from the
misguided zeal of the new headmaster."
AUTHOR'S PERSPECTIVE
Chinua Achebe
Modern Africa as the Crossroads of Culture
1980
I have always been fond of stories and intrigued by language.—first Igbo,
spoken with such eloquence by the old men of the village, and later English,
which I began
to learn at about the age of eight. I don't know for certain, but
I have
probably spoken more words
in Igbo than English but I have definitely written more words in English than Igbo. Which I think makes me perfectly
bilingual. Some people have suggested that I should be better off writing in
Igbo. Sometimes they seek to drive the point home by asking me in which lan
guage I dream. When I reply that I dream in both languages they seem not to
believe it. More recently I have heard an even more potent and metaphysical
version of the question: In what language do you have an orgasm? That should
settle the matter if I knew.
We lived at the crossroads of cultures. We still do today; but when I was a
boy one could see and sense the peculiar quality and atmosphere of it more
clearly. I am not talking about all that rubbish we hear of the spiritual void
and mental stresses that Africans are supposed to have, or the evil forces and
irrational passions prowling through Africa's heart of darkness. We know the
racist mystique behind a lot of that stuff and should merely point out that
those who prefer to
see Africa in those lurid terms have
not themselves
demonstrated any clear superiority in sanity or more competence in coping
with life.
But still the crossroads does have a certain dangerous potency; dangerous
because a man might perish there wrestling with multipleheaded spirits, but
also he might be lucky and return to his people with the boon of prophetic
vision.
On one arm of the cross we sang hymns and read the Bible night and day.
On the other my father's brother and his family, blinded by heathenism, of
fered food to idols. That was how it was supposed to be anyhow. But I knew
without knowing why that it was too
simple a way to describe what was going
on. Those idols and that food had a strange pull on me in spite of my being
such a thorough little Christian that often at Sunday services at the height of
the grandeur of "Te Deum Laudamus" I would have dreams of a mantle of
gold falling on me as the choir of angels drowned our mortal song and the
voice of God Himself thundering: This is my beloved son in whom I am well
pleased. Yet, despite those delusions of divine destiny I was not past taking my
little sister to our neighbor's house when our parents were not looking and
partaking of heathen festival meals. I never found their rice and stew to have
the flavor of idolatry. I was about ten then. If anyone likes to believe that I was
torn by spiritual agonies or stretched on the rack of my ambivalence, he cer
tainly may suit himself. I do not remember any undue distress. What I do re
member is a fascination for the ritual and the life on the other arm of the
crossroads. And I believe two things were in my favor—that curiosity, and the
little distance imposed between me and it by the accident of my birth. The
distance becomes not a separation but a bringing together like the necessary
backward step which a judicious
viewer may take in order to see a canvas
steadily and fully.
The analysis is:
The
story of Dead men’s path tells us about someone who progressive. He is a
headmaster in the Africa, a small village where the people believe about
superstitious and still hold of the old tradition. This story tells us about
history, religion and culture. This story explains about culture conflict
between “new” British ideas and “old” Africa custom.
This
story occurred in 1949 during when period of British governing Nigeria.
Intervention of British in Nigeria happened on 18 centuries ago, when British
as a leader in the trade of servant there. After the British parliament
forbidden of enslavement in the year of 1807 and British made a deal with the
leaders of Africa to get the control for this area. In the 1906, British
dominated all of area in Nigeria. The colonial take a government system as
indirectly, with the traditional leaders continue ruling while because the
faithfulness to colonial authority.
Nigeria’s independence from British in the year of 1960.
Dead
men’s path by Chinua Achebe tells us about the focus of quarrel between Michael
Obie as a new headmaster from a school in Nigeria and the old custom from that
area. Michael refused to give honor of asking from headman. Who Michael decided
to close the road with fence and barbed wire, and headman asked to him to
delete the fence and told to him if the path is very important to the road
which connected village temple with the place of burial to the people in
village that traverse the school complex. He told if he and the people believe
that the path is very important to the entire life of village (old tradition)
but Michael didn’t believe and said if the aim of the school was to deleted all
of the superstition (as modernization). But finally he got destruction because
his behavior that tried to oppose the old culture.
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